Manufacture of flowerpots, pipes, and other hollow articles of concrete



Jan. 9, 1923. 1,441,704.. J. NEUENSCHWANDER.

MANUFACTURE OF FLOWERPOTS, PIPES, AND OTHER HOLLOW ARTICLES 0F CONCRETE.

2 SHEETS$HEET l.

FILED JULY 3,1920- Jan. 9, 1923. 1,441,704.

1. NEUENSCHWANDER.

MANUFACTURE OF FLOWERPOTS, PIPES, AND OTHER HOLLOW ARTICLES 0F CONCRETE.

HLED JULY 3,1920. 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

ateinted Jan. 9,"1923i-f p ITVED sr res RATENQT ()F;IFI l .ronannns nnunnscnwnnnna, or nnumuns'rna, crummy, Assrenon ro'nnm NEUENSCANDER,NEE'MABKMANN, 01E NEUMUNSTER, GERMANY.

i Application, filed July 3,

To allwhom may concern Be it known that I, NDER, a citizen of the GermanState,

-and resident of Neumunster, Germany,

Grossflecken 9, have invented certainjnew and useful Improvements in theManufacture of Flowerpots, Pipes, and Other Hollow Articles of Concrete(for which l have made applications for patents .as follows: Germany,filed March 15, 1919; July 19, 1919; July 19,1919; September 10, 1919;Denmark, filed December 4, 1919;F1nland, filed January 12, 1920;.Sweden,filed February 11,1920; Switzerland, filed March 30,

1920; Netherlands, filed April 20, 1920; Norway, filed December 30,1919), of which the following is a specification.

The inventlon relates 'to a method of 'and apparatus for the manufactureof flower-pots, pipes and other similar hollow articles of concrete.

-llt is already .knownto make hollow articles of concrete by rammingvthe concrete in a suitable mould-around a core.

-The new or improved method consists essentially in filling a hollowmould completely with concrete and then boring the central'part out andpressing and SmOothing the remaining portion. 'This'method has theadvantage that without the expenditure of fuel hollow articles which areusually made of clay and similar substances can be made on a large scalefrom anequivalent and even superior substitute.- The "large quantity ofarticles in 'a days shift.

Flower-pots produced according to the im proved method show theadvantage that they are considerably more porous than flower-pots madeof clay. Horticultural experiments have proved that plants grow in theseconcrete-pots better and quicker than in other pots. I

For the manufacture offlowerpots it is advantageous to employ a specialmould with a guard-ring -which facilitates the manufacture of speciallythin-walled articles and prevents the crumbling of the material duringthe boring.

The manufacture of concrete-pipes is effected in such a manner that theconcrete contained in the mould is in a single manumannrne'runnorrnownnrors, rrrns, AND ornnn narrow narrows or concnnrn.

1920. mm in. static.

In the accompanying drawings app aratus suitable for carrying out themethod described 1s shown. i I i In the drawings shown Fig. 1 and F'g.2'inoulds forflower-pots in cross-section,

Figs. 4:, 5 and ti the-holding dev'iicefor the mould and the boringknife I in sideelevatlon and cross-section,

F g. 7 the bored out article in the mould, F g. 8 the ejected mouldedarticle,

Fig. 9 apparatus or appliances for bormg and smoothing,

Fig. 3- the flower-pot mould with holding.

I v facturing process bored but from end JonANNns Nnnnn Fig.10 a machineor apparatus for boring concrete-pipes in elevation, Flg. 11 the same inplan,

Fig. 12 the same in cross-section along ipe mould in cross-section. 1

ofthe usual composition of 60-70% sand line A-A of the Fig. 10 and Fig.13 the The concrete employed in this method is and 40-30% cement orvabout. 60% sand.

30% cement and'10% lime in: a soil-damp condition. It will be readilyunderstood that I do not confine myself to the proportions mentioned'and that the ingredients of the concrete may vary within certainlimits. .The concrete is introduced into a mould a"('Figs. 1 and 2)constructed of inexpensive material '(wood, sheet iron, cast iron). Themould may be provided with a detachable bottom I) '(Fig. 1) or be madein one piece (Fig. 2).

poured into themould a1 filling it up en-' The concrete is timely (Fig.3) and is lightly rammed or pressed down.- A ring at corresponding inwidth with the thickness of the walls of the hollow articles is thenput'upon" the mould, the said ring'abutting with its overlapping edgeagainst the inner face of a recess in the edge out the mould a,thus-taking up an exactly central position so that when the core isbored out the thickness of the walls of the finished article is uniform;th'rou heat. The ring d nserted. nto the presses with its portion WhlChpro moul v jeots' into the cavity of the mould upon the portion of theconcrete which forms the .walls ofthe article and shpports and holds itduring the boring. The mould thus preparedisthen inserted into. a.holder e 1g. 4) by means of a pres-disc so that after 'puttm the ring don the claws in frontof the ho der and the press-disc .f on the turnedbottom of the mould, an exact conagainst the revo may first be smoothedby a suitable ap liance or device. 'This device may prefera l 'so alsorevolve and corresponds exactly;'w1t

centric adjustment of the charged mould is obtained. b

hands. For ring'* the, core out of the block of concrete a spadeorshovel like revolvin bo knife "is employed (Figs. 5 .and 6). he boriig-knife g is either moved towards and into the mould in order to effectthe bor' or the mould a is moved Fvin boring-knife. Q The boringtakeslace a ong the broken lines It, Fig. 4. A er the bored outv mouldhas been removed'from the holder, the ring (1 is removed and the mouldis turned upside down to eject. the article (Fig. 7) or the interiorshape of the bored-out. mould.

The smoother '-is. advantageously .furnished with a go 12' which restsupon the upper edge of the article and simul taneousl smoothes; thisedge, see Fig. 9.

Thefimshed article i with the mould iu' the position shown in Fig; 7 isthen ejected from the mould. n 'It now hasv the shape or configurationillustrated in Fig. '8 of the drawing. For the production of the usualhole in the bottom of the flower-pot, a wart k or the like may beprovided on the inner face of the bottom.

The rin a may be omittedif the com osition o the concrete is such thatcrum filing of the walls of the article would probably not take place.The contact or fitting surfaces. or the devices for holdingthe mould ina central position may obviously be modified in various ways. Forinstance center-marks or hollow guides may be 'provided for thispurpose. Fig. 9 shows v a turn-bench (lathe) which is furnished with.holding, boring and smoothing appliances for the manufacture of hollowbodies of- -concrete, more particularly for the production offlower-pots. In a lathe-like frameworkthe slide-rest n of themould-holder c is movably arranged in suitable guides. The holder e forthe mould is provided with two lateral and a lower claw and an abutment7 which may be adjusted by meansof a screw-spindle. The abutment has avertical front surface whichcomes against a few movements of the.

.of. the'walls and with its followed directly by produced by the borerthe bottom. surface of the mould a which "is vertical to thelongitudinal. axis of the mould and which is adapted to hold the f mouldwith its ring-d concentrically against .the fitting surface ofthe' claw.

The boring-knife section and attache to a. shaft 0 rotated byagrooveddisc and is fu'rni ed with a groovedflange fitting 'upon theed.of themouldfi The circle de- .70. is s-sha'ped in crosscarries at itsother 'f; end the gdhshing piston p which at its base;-

scribed y' t e' kni-fe'igjandthe smoothing piston p corresponds with theinner shape of the article to be produced.

After the mould as described has been charged with" the concrete" andhas been 5 inserted into itsholder e, the said holder together with theslide n is moved by hand against the revolving knife 9 .and withdrawnain whereby the boring 'out'of 'the core is effected; After the mould ahas been released and the press-ring d removed, the mould containingwith its outer surface smoot es the-interior up r edge of the article. I

he ring d may be fixed to the mould holder 6. If it is entirely omittedin can tain cases,-the mould a abuts with its own fitting surface-against the' operative sur-,

faces of the adjusting claws e or other cen: tering surfaces.

7 g the hollow article is 'pushed over the pollshing iston p which 90.grooved flange the For the manufacture of concrete pipes,

the method employed is similar and the concrete contained in the mouldis bored out and the re'mainin' a. perfectly smooth and polishedinterior surface is obtained which forms a valuable substitute for pipesmade from clay as in consequence of the pressing and smoothing,

and the polished surfacev obtained thereby the pipe is renderedperfectly imperv'io to water. In this regard the pipes madeaccording tothis method distinguish themselves favourably from the known pipesproduced by ramming cement around a core and which face. Furt ermore thecosts of the manufactureaccording to this boring method are lpossess a,very rough inner sur--- portion pressed ('smoothed) internally s that apipe with much lower than those of the ramming method. 3

The device employed for boring consists' essentially of a knifeorspade-like borer,

piece of pipe just' to the bearing in the support and at its free end aspade-like boring-knife 9 followed in the direction towards the bearingof the T shaft or spindle by the smoothing. ring a and a conveyor wormt. i

Opposite the boring took there is disposed upon the table of theframethe slidable rest n for the detachable mould which -.mould consistsof the cylindrical shell a it and two rings 4) adapted to, be fitted onor. into the shell at both ends. The mould, concentricall held by therings 4), is secured in hol ers e in which it is clamped or grippedconcentrically to the borer axis 115 by means of levers '20 providedwith eccentric discs or cams.

' The pipes aremade in the following man-- ner: the tubular mould u isremoved from the machine and is packed with the con- Z't crete in asoil-damp condition by applying light pressure. The two rings '0 arethen inserted into the mould u at both ends and the mould thus reparedis put into the holder e of the slide 1:. and secured in position bymeans of the eccentric levers w. The slide a is now, together with thepacked mould moved against the revolving boring appliance so that theboring-knife g penetrates into the concrete and bores the core w cut.The boring tool is followed by the smoothing ring 8 whose diameter isslightly larger than that of the borer and comes into intimate contactwith the interior surface I of the tubular body of concrete and firmlypresses down the material which may have become loosened by the boringand polishes the interior surface into a smooth and bright condition.The bored out material escapes behind the smoothing ring 8 and is'trans-40 ported away by the wormt. After the boring is finished, the slide nis withdrawn and the mould it removed from it. The fitting rings 4;,which project into the mould u with a set-off portion the width of whichcorresponds with the thickness of the wall to be produced, are taken offthe mould and the finished pipe may now be ejectedfrom the mould anddried. Angle-irons w and eccentric levers y with bolts serve forlocking-the mould cylinder (Fig. 13).

The mould u is preferably made springy which may be effected byproviding it with a longitudinal slit or gap.

By the smoothing ring 8 the concrete forming the wall of the pipe isstrongly compressed and, polished whereby a rise of temperature takesplace in consequence of the friction set up and the heat developedthereby. Presumably a thin layer of chemically combined iron cement .isproduced during the smoothing process which compound in consequence of.its great strength assists in rendering the pipe watertight. Besides thesimple and inexpensive manufacture, this method of producing pipes frommineral substances has the advantage that burnmg of the articles isobviated so that a considerable saving of fuel is effected." The Icoating of the inner walls with pitch or tar 1. The method ofmanufacturing fiowen' pots, pipes, and other hollow articles ofconcrete, consisting in filling a shell entirely with humid concrete ina soil-damp condition, boring out the unhardened core by subjecting itto the action of a quickly moved cutting tool, and drying the hollowarticle.

'2. The method of manufacturing flowerpots, pipes, and other hollowarticles of concrete, consisting in filling a shell entirely with humidconcrete in a soil-damp condition, lightly ramming the concrete,pressing the rim portion of the concrete mass, boring out the unhardenedcore by subjecting it to the action of a quickly moved tool, and dryingthe bored article.

3. The method of making concrete pipesconsisting in packing the humidsoil-damp concrete into a cylindrical shell, boring out the unhardenedcore by subjecting it to the action of a quickly moved cutting tool,pressing the remainder from the inside by subjecting it to the action ofa rotating, smoothing tool so that a smooth water-tight interior surfaceis formed, and drying the bored article.

t. Apparatus for the manufactureof'hollow articles of concrete,comprising,'in combination, a mold for the concrete, a: ring adapted tofit into the end of said mold for determining the thickness of the wallsof I the article and preventing said walls from crumbling, a spade-liketool fo'rfbcring out' the core from the concrete mass, and means fortransmitting rotary movement to said i tool.

5. Apparatus for the manufacture of I flower-pots, pipes and? otherhollow articles of concrete, comprising a mould, a ring fitting vintothe end ofsaid mould, the upper part of the mould with the ring and thebottom of the mould being concentrically.

turned, a turn-bench, means for efiecting a concentric adjustment of themould'upon the turn-bench, a rotatingboring tool disposed opposite themould on said turn-bench for boring out the core ofthe block of concretecontained in the mould,

6. Apparatus for the manufacture of lower-pots, pipes and other hollowarticles 'of concrete, comprising a mould, a holder for said disposedopposite said mould for boring out the core of the block of concretecontained in the mould, means for rotating said tool, and means foraxial movement of one 'of the opposite lying parts against the other;

7. Apparatus for the manufacture of flower-pots, pipes and other hollowarticles 'of concrete, comprising a mould, a holder for 14 said mouldand for a boring tool disposed opposite said mould for boring out thecore of the block of concrete contained in the mould, one part beinadapted to be axially moved against the ot er, means for rotating theborin tool, a smoothing appliance combined wit the said boring tool. h

8. In apparatus. for the manufacture of f of said fixed and rotatlngparts.

flower-pots, pipes and' other hollow articles of concrete a mould, aholder for said mould on a turn-bench, a centering device for the mouldon said holder,'a boring tool rotatably mounted on said turn-bench andguides on the tu'rii5bench to direct the movement of the holder towardsthe said boring tool.

9. In' apparatus for the manufacture offlower-pots, pipes and otherhollow articles of concrete, a mould, a holder for said mould on-aturn-bench, a centralizing device for the mould on said holder, a boringtool rotatably mounted on said turn-bench, guides on the turn-bench todirect the movement of the holder towards the said boring tool and asmoothing appliance disposed upon the shaft of the boring tool. 10.Apparatus for the manufacture of pipes of concrete, comprising aspade-like boring knife carried in a lathe-like framework, meansforrotating said. boring knlft, a smoothing device upon the shaft of theboring tool adjacent to the boring tool, a removable cylindrical mouldprovided on said frame-work, means for moving axially one of said fixedand rotating parts.

11. A paratus for the manufacture of pipes o boring knife carried in alathe-llke framework, means for rotating said boring knife, a smoothingdevice upon the shaft of the boring tool adjacent to the boring tool, aslide on the frame-work bearing the mould and being adapted toforwardthe mould towards the boring-knife so as tohave it transversedthe whole mould longitudinally.

12.- A paratus for the manufacture of pipes o concrete, comprisingaspade-like boring knife carried 1n a lathe-like framework, means forrotating said boring knife, a slide bearing a mould disposed oppositethe boring tool, a smoothing ring upon the concrete, comprising aspade-like and a conveyor wormadjacent to the smoothmould on aturn-bench, a-boring tool ingjring, the boring and smoothing appli--ance'be1ng adapted to transverse the mould from end to end.

13. Inap aratus of the class described, a

tubular mo (1 for the concrete, rings at both .ends of said mould,fitting with projections asset forth.

A paratus for the manufacture of ipes o concrete, comprisin a spade-likeinto the interior. of the mould, substantially oring knife carried in alat e-like frame- ,work, means fo rotating said boring knife,

a smothing ring upon the shaft of the boring tool adjacent to the boringtool, said smoothing ring being of larger diameter than the borer, acylindrical mould provided on said frame-work,-mean s for moving axiallyone 15. A paratus for the manufacture of ipes o concrete comprising aspade-like oring knife carried in a lathe-like framework, means forrotating said boring knife, a smoothing device upon the shaft of theboring tool adjacent to the boring tool, a removable cylindrical mouldprovided on said 'frame-work, said mould being of springy material andslit longitudinally, means for moving axially one of said fixed androtating parts. I

16. Apparatus for the manufacture of pipes of concrete, comprising aspade-like fixed and rotating parts.

17. A paratus for the manufacture of pipes o concrete, comprising aspade-like boring knife carried in a lathe-like framework, means forrotating said boring knife, a smoothing device upon the shaft of theboring tool adjacent to the boring tool, a removable cylindrical mouldprovided on said frame-work, means for moving axially one of said fixedand rotating parts, a holder for said mould and eccentric levers adaptedto secure the mould in the holder.

Signed at Neumunster 10, Mai 1920.

JOHANNES NEUENSCHWANDER.

Witnesses: W. Massorm',

Lmsn Fm x.

